A toxic fungal metabolite and carcinogen. Inhibits phosphorylase and mitochondrial respiration in rat liver.

Applegate KL, Chipley JR. Adv. Appl. Microbiol.16:97-109 (1973).
Meisner H, Chan S. Biochemistry. 13:2795-2800 (1974).

C41H74N12O11             Mol. Wt.: 911.1

Octopamine is a neuromodulator that occurs naturally in nervous tissues in many species of animals.

Goaillard JM, Schulz DJ, Kilman VL et al. J Neurosci. 24:7063-73 (2004).
Roeder T, Seifert M, Kahler C et al. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 54:1-13 (2003).

Sandostatin
Somatostatin analogue with antiproliferative effect. It is able to inhibit angiogenesis induced by hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo, and Akt/PKB and telomerase activity of SGC7901 cells.

Stockmann F, Creutzfeldt WZ. Gastroenterol. 26:665-75 (1988).
Jia WD, Ku GL, Sun HC et al. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2:404-9 (2003).
Gao S, Yu BP, Li Y et al. World J Gastroenterol. 9:2362-5 (2003).

Caffeic acid n-octyl ester, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid n-octyl ester.
C17H24O4             Mol. Wt.: 292.37
Antioxidant and supressor of iNOS. Induces apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells.

Etzenhouser B et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 9:199 (2001).
Hsiao G et al. Biochem. Pharmacol. 65:1383 (2003).
Ujibe M et al. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28:2338 (2005).

3,4-Dimethylcaffeic acid n-octyl ester; 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid n-octyl ester
C19H28O4             Mol. Wt.: 320.42
Derivative of n-octyl-caffeate.

3-Methylcaffeic acid n-octyl ester; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid n-octyl ester
C18H26O4             Mol. Wt.: 306.40
Derivative of n-octyl-caffeate.

4-Methylcaffeic acid n-octyl ester; 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid n-octyl ester
C18H26O4             Mol. Wt.: 306.40
Derivative of n-octyl-caffeate.

A broad spectrum, fluorinated antibacterial quinolone.
Siebert G et al. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2:548 (1983).

The optically active form of ofloxacin.

Non-phorbol type tumor promoter. It is also a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases in numerous cell types.

Suganuma M et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:1768-1771 (1988).
Cohen P et al. Trends Biochem. Sci. 15: 98-102 (1990).

Ammonium salt form of okadaic acid, with somewhat greater stability after it is put into organic solvents.

Sodium salt form of okadaic acid, with somewhat greater stability after it is put into organic solvents.

C45H74O11             Mol. Wt.: 791.06             [1404-19-9]
A mixture of oligomycins A, B and C. Has antibiotic properties.
Inhibits membrane bound mitochondrial ATPase and phosphoryl group transfer.

Nagamune H et al. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1141:231-237 (1993).

Potent selective and competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases.

Vesely J et al. Eur J Biochem. 224:771-86 (1994).

An antischistosomiasis drug found to inhibit carcinogenesis. It is effective against several chemically induced tumor models. Its mechanism of action is believed to be the induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes resulting in diminished carcinogen-DNA binding.

Bueding E, Dolan P, Leroy JP. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 37:293-303 (1982).
Wattenberg LW, Bueding E. Carcinogenesis. 7:1379-81 (1986).
Kensler T, Styczynski P, Groopman J et al. J Cell Biochem Suppl. 16I:167-72 (1992).

A proton pump inhibitor.

Faiss S, Scherubl H, Riecken EO, Wiedenmann B. Recent Results Cancer Res. 142:193-207 (1996).

A serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, used to prevent radiosurgery-induced nausea and vomiting and modulation of alcohol intoxiccation.

Seynaeve C, Verweij J, de Mulder PH. Anticancer Drugs. 2:343-55 (1991).
Swift RM, Davidson D, Whelihan W, Kuznetsov O. Biol Psychiatry. 40:514-21 (1996).

C44H66N12O7S2             Mol Wt: 939.2

Hypocretin-2
C123H212N44O35S Mol Wt: 2899.4
A hypothalamic neuropeptide encoded by a single mRNA transcript that stimulates food intake.

Lee JH, Bang E, Chae KJ et al. Eur J Biochem. 266:831-9 (1999).

(S)-2-formylamino-4-methyl-pentanoic acid (S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-3-hexyl-4-oxo-2-oxetanyl]methyl]-dodecyl ester
A novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthase used in the treatment of obesity. As a result of its ability to halt fatty acid synthase, Orlistat halts tumor cell proliferation, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibits the growth of PC-3 tumors in nude mice.

Drent ML, van der Veen EA. Obes Res. 3 Suppl 4:623-25 (1995).
Kridel SJ, Axelrod F, Rozenkrantz N et al. Cancer Res. 64:2070-5 (2004).

Tiberal, Madelen
C7H10ClN3O3             Mol. Wt.: 219.63             [16773-42-5]
Used to treat some protozoan infections.

Khrianin AA, Reshetnikov OV Antibiot Khimioter. 51:18-21 (2006).

A nonprotein amino acid. It is used in the body in the biosynthesis of L-arginine, L-proline and polyamines.

Barbul A. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 10:227-238 (1986).
Wasaki K, Mano K, Ishihara M et al. Biochem Int. 14:971-976 (1987).

A coumarin isolated from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson. It is an antiplatelet agent that inhibits phosphoinositide breakdown. It also prevents anti-Fas antibody-induced hepatitis in mice by affecting the caspase-3-mediated apoptotic pathway.

Teng CM, Ko FN, Wang JP et al. J Pharm Pharmacol. 43:667-9 (1991).
Okamoto T, Kawasaki T, Hino O. Biochem Pharmacol. 65:677-81 (2003).

C74H120N26O25 Mol Wt: 1773.9

C45H74N10O13 Mol Wt: 963.2

A member of the penicillin class of antibiotics.

Kirby WM, Rosenfeld LS, Brodie J. JAMA. 181:739-44 (1962).

A novel platinum analogue which has wide spectrum anti-cancer activity. It is found to be more active against human melanoma cell lines, and has better biochemical, pharmacological and cytotoxic properties than cisplatin and carboplatin.

Cassidy J. Int J Clin Pract. 54:399-402 (2000).
Mohammed MQ, Retsas S. Anticancer Drugs. 11:859-63 (2000).

A second-generation antiepileptic drug. It inhibits CYP2C19 and induces CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 systems. Studies suggest that the anticonvulsant activity of oxcarbazepine is mediated via the blocking of neuronal ion channels.

Carrazana E, Mikoshiba I. J Pain Symptom Manage. 25:S31-5 (2003).
Bang L, Goa K. Paediatr Drugs. 5:557-73 (2003).

An anthelmintic agent.

Corwin RM. Am J Vet Res. 38:465-7 (1977).

An anthelmintic agent. It has been shown to be effective in killing Trichinella spiralis in mice, and histotrophic larvea and adult parasites in calves.

Karunakaran CS, Denham DA. J Parasitol. 66:929-32 (1980).
Theodorides VJ, DiCuollo CJ, Nawalinski T et al. Am J Vet Res. 38:809-14 (1977).

An antifungal agent.

Polak A. Arzneimittelforschung. 32:17-24 (1982).

Synthetic derivative of cafestol.

Synthetic derivative of kahweol.

An a-adrenoceptor stimulant.

Sanders J, Miller DD, Patil PN. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 195:362-71 (1975).

An antibiotic. It impairs mitochondrial protein synthesis resulting in proliferation arrest in s.c. and Zajdela tumor cells. Zajdela mitochondrial tumor cells cease dividing after a few generations, which is preceded by reduction of cytochrome c oxidase activity of the tumor cells.

van den Bogert C, Dontje BH, Wybenga JJ et al. Cancer Res. 41:1943-7 (1981).
Kroon AM, Dontje BH, Van den Bogert C. Cancer Res. 43:2247-51 (1983).

C43H66N12O12S2             Mol. Wt.: 1007.2             [50-56-6]
Oxytocin has shown the ability to induce contractions and milk production in rats.

Pederson C, Prange Ar. PNAS 76(12); 6661-6665 (1979).